Development and Validation of HPLC Method for Determination of Sodium Copper Chlorophyllin - A Food Colorant and Its Application in Pharmacokinetic Study.

A simple, accurate, and precise bioanalytical method was developed and validated for the determination of pharmacokinetic parameters of sodium copper chlorophyllin, a USFDA approved food additive and colorant in rat plasma. The column used was Luna® C18 250×4.6 mm, 100 Å, having particle size 4.5 µm, and the mobile phase used was methanol (MeOH), and 10 mM ammonium acetate buffer in the ratio of 90 : 10, the flow rate was 1 ml/min, and the injection volume of 20 µL. The retention time of sodium copper chlorophyllin was obtained at 9 min. The method was found to be linear at the range of 0.50-8.00 µg mL-1 .

Box-Behnken design directed optimization for sensitivity assessment of anti-platelet drugs.

Optimization of electrospray ionization (ESI) parameters is routinely carried out by one factor at a time (OFAT) or auto-tune software (ATS). Design of experiments (DOE) approach has been reported to be an excellent alternative to OFAT or ATS. Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was successfully used to optimize ESI parameters like nebulizing gas flow rate, desolvation line temperature, heat block temperature, and drying gas flow rate for [M + H]+ intensity of Clopidogrel bisulfate (CLP) and Ticlopidine (TLP). BBD model was found to be significant with p < .0001 for both CLP and TLP. The predicted and optimized (OL) ESI parameters were used for chromatographic analysis and were compared against three levels of ESI parameters, i.e. low level (LL), medium level (ML), and high level (HL). The OL ESI parameters were subjected to chromatographic analysis and its mean peak area was significantly higher than mean peak area for LL, ML, and HL ESI in case of CLP and TLP (p < .001). However, no significant difference was observed between the mean peak area for ML and OL of TLP. Thus, BBD can be considered with 29 trials to optimize four mass spectrometric parameters. The liquid chromatographic parameters percentage of methanol, percentage of formic acid and flow rate were also optimized using BBD. However, the optimized method did not significantly influence the peak response over the non-optimized method.

Elucidation of Flavonoids from Carissa congesta, Polyalthia longifolia, and Benincasa hispida Plant Extracts by Hyphenated Technique of Liquid Chromatography-mass Spectroscopy.

BACKGROUND: Carissa congesta (CC), Polyalthia longifolia (PL), and Benincasa hispida (BH) are economically important plants. OBJECTIVE: Current research encompasses identification of quercetin and rutin and their analogues by liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) from the selected plant species. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fresh roots, leaves, and seeds of CC, PL, and BH plants respectively were shade-dried followed by extraction and elucidation of rutin and quercetin by LC-MS. RESULTS: Structural elucidation of CC, PL, and BH extracts revealed the presence of flavonoids such as quercetin (m/z 301) and rutin (m/z 610) as the parent ions along with presence of close analogues such as quercetin-O-hexoside, Vicenin 2, quercetin-3-O-xyloside/arabinoside, and quercetin-3-O-glucoside were identified as fragments. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, CC, PL, and BH extracts revealed the presence of flavonoids belonging to the class of flavonols such as rutin and quercetin. SUMMARY: Quercetin and rutin were identified from CC roots, PL leaves and BH seeds by liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy.Quercetin was characterized at (m/z 301) and rutin (m/z 610) as the parent ion peaks.Analogues such as quercetin-O-hexoside, Vicenin 2 and quercetin-3-O-glucoside were identified as fragments.

Structural elucidation of chemical constituents from Benincasa hispida seeds and Carissa congesta roots by gas chromatography: Mass spectroscopy.

BACKGROUND: Benincasa hispida (BH) and Carissa congesta (CC) are regarded as ethnopharmacological imperative plants in Asian countries. OBJECTIVE: Phytochemical screening of the extracts has shown the presence of steroids, flavonoids, saponins, glycosides, tannins, phenolic compounds, fixed oils, and fats in the BH and CC extracts. The presence of lupeol has been reported previously by us using high-performance thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Present research studies encompasses identification of chemical constituents in BH seeds and CC roots petroleum ether extracts by hyphenated technique such as gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (MS) which when coupled gives a clear insight of constituents. RESULTS: The components were identified by matching mass spectra with MS libraries. There were 13 and 10 different compounds analyzed from CC and BH, respectively. The components present were Pentanoic acid, 5-hydroxy, 2,4-butylphenyl; n-Hexadecanoic acid (Palmitic acid); Sulfurous acid, 2-ethylhexylhepatdecyl ester; n-Tridecane; 6-methyltridecane; (9E, 12E)-9,12-Octadecadienyl chloride, Hexadecanoic acid, 3-(trimethylsilyl)-oxy] propyl ester; 9,12-Octadecadenoic acid, 2 hydroxy-1-(hyroxymethylethyl) ester; 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid, 2,3 dihydroxypropyl ester; n-Propyl-9,12-Octadecadienoate, Lupeol; Taraxasterol; 6a, 14a-Methanopicene, perhydro-12,4a, 61a, 9,9,12a-hepatmethyl-10-hydoxy and 9-Octadecene; 2-Isoprpenyl-5-methyl-6-hepten-1-ol; n-Hexadecanoic acid, 2-hyroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl) ethyl ether; Butyl-9,12-Octadecadieonate; Friedoolean-8-en-3-one; friedours-7-en-3-one; 13,27-Cyclosuran-3-one; Stigmaste-7,25-dien-3-ol (3ß, 5α); Stigmasta-7,16-dien-3-ol; chrondrillasterol in BH seeds and CC roots extracts respectively. CONCLUSION: Eluted components from the extracts could provide further researchers to work with various pharmacological activities related models and studies.